Naphthalene and Pets

Naphthalene is a pesticide found in traditional mothballs and moth crystals used to protect stored clothing and fabrics from insect damage. While effective against moths and carpet beetles, it is dangerous to both dogs and cats. Pets may be exposed by eating mothballs directly, chewing on fabric treated with the chemical, or inhaling fumes from poorly ventilated closets and storage areas. Because of their unique red blood cell structure, cats are especially vulnerable to naphthalene toxicity.

Ingestion or inhalation can lead to hemolysis, the destruction of red blood cells, as well as methemoglobinemia, which reduces the blood’s ability to carry oxygen. Affected animals may develop vomiting, weakness, pale or blue gums, rapid breathing, brown urine, jaundice, seizures, or collapse. Symptoms can appear within minutes to hours depending on the amount and route of exposure. Even a single mothball can pose a serious risk to a small dog or cat.

If you suspect your pet has been exposed to naphthalene, treat it as a medical emergency. Do not attempt to induce vomiting unless specifically directed by a veterinarian or poison control professional. Bring the product packaging or remaining material to the clinic so the ingredient and concentration can be identified.

Prevention is the safest approach. Avoid using naphthalene mothballs in homes with pets. Choose safer alternatives such as cedar blocks, sealed garment storage, lavender sachets, or regular laundering and vacuuming of stored fabrics. Ensure any pest-control products are stored in tightly closed, pet-inaccessible containers and used only in areas pets cannot reach.